
Many mainstream programming interfaces represent computation procedurally, as sequences of instructions, control-flow constructs, and explicit execution steps. However, several important classes of problems are more naturally described declaratively: one


You can go far without writing TLA+ syntax now, but you still need to understand temporal logic.
Editors’ note: AI has been actively pushing the frontier of applied formal methods for computing systems. In this article, the Specula team wrote about their experience of evaluating LLMs on modeling system code, the basic capability for agentic model che

The integration of Formal Verification tools with Large Language Models (LLMs) offers a path to scale software verification beyond manual workflows. However, current methods remain unreliable: without a solid theoretical footing, the refinement process ac
Model minimalistically Start from a tiny core, and always keep a working model as you extend. Your default should be omission. Add a compone...

