Adult Male Hypogonadism: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment
This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of adult male hypogonadism, covering its pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options. It includes a detailed typology of hypogonadism types (primary vs. secondary), their causes (such as Klinefelter syndrome, childhood chemotherapy, mumps orchitis), and associated serum concentrations of FSH, LH, testosterone, and SHBG. The review also discusses treatment approaches including testosterone replacement therapy and infertility management.
Key quotes
Permanent primary hypogonadism is commonly caused by Klinefelter syndrome and childhood chemotherapy.
FSH concentration is greater than LH concentration in primary hypogonadism.
Infertility in primary hypogonadism is unresponsive to gonadotropin therapy.
Rare causes include congenital abnormalities of testicular hormonal synthesis and adult mumps orchitis.
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