Conceptualizing Indonesia’s Strategic Thinking in the Maritime Domain: Strategy as a Spectrum and a Process
Does Indonesia have a maritime strategy? There are two ways to approach this question: First, Jakarta does not have universally agreed national guidelines on maritime strategy. However, it consistently refers to three historical reference points: the Struggle for Independence (1945–49), the Djuanda Declaration (1957), and the Palapa Oath (14th century). Thes
Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative1y ago 
