The senescence-stiffening loop: How extracellular matrix remodeling, vascular decline, and mitochondrial dysfunction collectively drive tissue aging

This article presents a unified perspective on tissue aging through a "senescence-stiffening loop" — a self-reinforcing cycle involving extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening, microvascular hypoperfusion, and mitochondrial dysfunction. As tissues age, collagen crosslinking, elasti