Zeroboot: Sub-millisecond VM Sandboxes for AI Agents Using Copy-on-Write Forking
By
adammiribyan
A baker's-dozen of insight crammed into one ring.
Summary
Zeroboot is an open-source project that enables sub-millisecond VM sandboxes for AI agents using copy-on-write forking. It achieves significantly faster spawn times (0.79ms p50 latency) compared to alternatives like E2B (~150ms) and uses minimal memory (~265KB per sandbox). The technology leverages KVM virtual machines with hardware-enforced memory isolation, using Firecracker to boot a VM template once, then rapidly forks new sandboxes from the snapshot.
Key quotes
· 5 pulledSub-millisecond VM sandboxes for AI agents via copy-on-write forking
Spawn latency p50: 0.79ms
Memory per sandbox: ~265KB
Each sandbox is a real KVM virtual machine with hardware-enforced memory isolation
Template (one-time): Firecracker boots a VM, pre-loads your runtime, and snapshots memory + CPU state
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