Analysis: China's Pacific SLBM Test Signals Progress Toward Continuous At-Sea Nuclear Deterrence

China conducted a rare submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) test into the Pacific Ocean on July 6, firing a missile from a Type 094 strategic nuclear submarine in the South China Sea that traveled approximately 7,300 kilometers. The test signals Beijing's progress toward achieving Continuous At-Sea Deterrence (CASD) — a capability that would allow a nuclear-armed submarine to remain constantly deployed, significantly enhancing China's second-strike nuclear capability. Defense analysts assess the test demonstrates maturation of China's sea-based nuclear deterrent, though questions remain about the Type 094 SSBN's noise levels and overall survivability compared to Western counterparts.