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Chemical Terrorism Assessment of U.S. Strategies in the Era of Great Power Competition
Final Book Now Available Domestic and foreign violent extremist organizations, or terrorist groups, have caused a greater amount of harm with chemical agents than with biological or radiological weapons. The United States capacity and capability to identify, prevent, counter, and respond adequately to chemical threats is established by the strategies, polici
The State of the U.S. Biomedical and Health Research Enterprise Strategies for Achieving a Healthier America
Final Book Now Available The U.S. biomedical research enterprise has played a vital role in advancing science, human health, and the economy. It has contributed significantly to fields such as agriculture, environmental remediation, job creation, and technological innovation. Over the past 80 years, landmark achievements include reducing cancer mortality, de
Nuclear Terrorism Assessment of U.S. Strategies to Prevent, Counter, and Respond to Weapons of Mass Destruction
Final Book Now Available For nearly eight decades, the world has been navigating the dangers of the nuclear age. Despite Cold War tensions and the rise of global terrorism, nuclear weapons have not been used in conflict since Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. Efforts such as strategic deterrence, arms control and non-proliferation agreements, and the U.S.-led
Strategies to Enable Assured Access to Semiconductors for the Department of Defense
Final Book Now Available Semiconductor chips power practically all electronic devices, from cellphones and vehicles to communications and defense systems essential for national security. The Department of Defense (DoD) uses a wide range of semiconductors for mission systems such as radars, sensors, and high-power-density electronics - but the U.S. is now str
Increasing the Utility of Wastewater-based Disease Surveillance for Public Health Action A Phase 2 Report
Final Book Now Available The COVID-19 pandemic sparked widespread implementation of wastewater surveillance in communities across the United States to help track the spread of the disease. In contrast to clinical laboratory testing that tracks individual cases of infection, wastewater surveillance provides a way to measure the amount of DNA from pathogens co
Developing a Strategy to Evaluate the National Climate Assessment
Final Book Now Available The National Climate Assessment (NCA) is a report produced periodically by the United States Global Change Research Program that takes a comprehensive look at global climate change. Before release, it undergoes intensive review for technical accuracy. What has not been studied in-depth are the users and uses of the NCA, and how the r
Adult Learning in the Military Context
Prepublication Now Available As the largest U.S. employer, the Department of Defense (DoD) is a major provider of training and development. Given the complex and increasingly unpredictable operational landscape within which the military operates across land, sea, air, cyberspace, and space, continuous learning is vital in the military. Military learners must
NASA at a Crossroads Maintaining Workforce, Infrastructure, and Technology Preeminence in the Coming Decades
Final Book Now Available Since its formation more than 60 years ago, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has served as a global leader in science, aeronautics, and exploration, propelled technological innovation, and inspired youth to pursue careers in science and engineering, while often accomplishing the seemingly impossible. However,
The Gates Are Open Operational Technology and Control System Security for Federal Facilities: Proceedings of a Federal Facilities Council Workshop
Final Book Now Available Federal facilities are increasingly complex and sophisticated systems of systems, with automated systems tied together through operational technology (OT) networks monitoring and controlling lighting and environmental control systems (CS), among many others. Federal agencies have built virtual fortresses around their information tech
Critical Issues in Transportation for 2024 and Beyond
Final Book Now Available Critical Issues in Transportation for 2024 and Beyond calls for reassessing the role of transportation in addressing major societal challenges and the research that informs the choices that society will need to make in 2024 and coming years. This reassessment is driven by large-scale environmental, public health, and socioeconomic fo
International Talent Programs in the Changing Global Environment
Final Book Now Available The U.S. science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce plays a vital role in fostering and sustaining innovation, economic competitiveness, and national security. This workforce currently depends, and for the foreseeable future will depend, on both international and domestic talent. Foreign STEM talent contribute
A Research Agenda Toward Atmospheric Methane Removal
Final Book Now Available 2023 shattered global climate records as the warmest year in the modern record, bringing with it devastating impacts on human and natural systems. Methane emissions, about 60% of which come from human activities, are a major contributor to global warming, second only to carbon dioxide (CO2). Methane is relatively short-lived in the a
Launching Lifelong Health by Improving Health Care for Children, Youth, and Families
Final Book Now Available Ensuring every child is on an optimal trajectory to a healthy and productive adulthood is imperative for the nation's future. Investments in children and families improves child health, but also health equity, education outcomes, workforce productivity, and cost-effectiveness in public spending. Despite advances in health care, child
Carbon Utilization Infrastructure, Markets, and Research and Development A Final Report
Final Book Now Available National and international plans for halting and reversing climate change focus on reducing and eventually ending the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions: carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) released by fossil fuel combustion. However, as the nation moves towards replacing many fossil CO 2 -emitting processes with zero- or low-carbon-emiss
Rethinking Race and Ethnicity in Biomedical Research
Final Book Now Available In 2023, the National Academies convened an expert committee to assess the current use of racial and ethnic categories in biomedical research, review existing guidance for researchers, and provide new guidance for future use. The resulting 2025 report, Rethinking Race and Ethnicity in Biomedical Research, outlines nine actionable rec
A New Vision for Women's Health Research Transformative Change at the National Institutes of Health
Final Book Now Available Women make up over half of the U.S. population, yet research on women's health conditions, including those that are female specific such as fibroids, more common among women such as anxiety, or affect women differently such as cardiovascular disease, is severely lacking. Medical advances for women have lagged, in part due to a lack o
Equity in K-12 STEM Education Framing Decisions for the Future
Final Book Now Available Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) live in the American imagination as promising tools for solving pressing global challenges and enhancing quality of life. Despite the importance of the STEM disciplines in the landscape of U.S. political, economic, and social priorities, STEM learning opportunities are unevenly
A Vision for Continental-Scale Biology Research Across Multiple Scales
Final Book Now Available Our planet is facing many complex environmental challenges, including the loss of biodiversity and rapidly changing climate conditions, driven by intensifying human-nature interactions worldwide. Dramatic advances in the biological sciences over recent years are made possible by new tools to study life at many scales, from identifyin
Advancing Vineyard Health Insights and Innovations for Combating Grapevine Red Blotch and Leafroll Diseases
Final Book Now Available Grapevine red blotch disease (GRBD) and grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) are growing threats to the California wine and wine grape sector, which contributes $73 billion annually to the state's economy. These viral diseases not only reduce grape yield and the productive lifespan of vineyards but also affect sugars and other aspects of
Women's Empowerment, Population Dynamics, and Socioeconomic Development
Final Book Now Available Women's empowerment, population dynamics, and socioeconomic development have been studied extensively from a variety of disciplinary perspectives. However, attempts to reconcile these perspectives and apply a holistic view to the relationships among these concepts have been rare, and this lack of consensus limits the extent to which