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Why India's large-scale tree-planting programs fail to meet climate and biodiversity goals

By

Priyanka Shankar

4h ago· 11 min readenInsight

Summary

India's ambitious tree-planting programs, including Van Mahotsav, Green India Mission (GIM), National Afforestation Programme (NAP), and Sub-Mission on Agroforestry (SMAF), are falling short of their climate mitigation and biodiversity goals. Despite millions of saplings being planted annually, the article examines the systemic issues behind these failures, such as poor species selection, lack of long-term maintenance, survival rate problems, and potential misalignment with ecological needs. The piece critically evaluates whether these large-scale afforestation drives are truly benefiting ecosystems or merely serving as symbolic exercises.

Key quotes

· 3 pulled
For many countries, including India, increasing tree cover has become a core part of climate mitigation plans to improve biodiversity and ecosystems.
From tree planting drives and festivals such as the annual Van Mahotsav, where India pledges to plant millions of tree saplings, to tree plantation programmes such as the Green India Mission (GIM), National Afforestation Programme (NAP), and Sub-Mission on Agroforestry (SMAF), afforestation is high on the priority list of solutions.
However, a question that remains is whether these efforts are truly effective.
Snippet from the RSS feed
For many countries, including India, increasing tree cover has become a core part of climate mitigation plans to improve biodiversity and ecosystems. ​From tree planting drives and festivals such as the annual Van Mahotsav, where India pledges to plant mi

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